Welfare costs of crime and common violence
Abstract
Purpose
Negative effects of crime encompass several different dimensions. As a result, there is no existing methodology capable of dealing with all the relevant issues simultaneously and the interpretation of the estimates currently available lacks theoretical foundation. The purpose of this paper is to provide a unified view of the meaning and relationship between the various dimensions of the welfare cost of crime and violence available in the literature.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper develops a theoretical model of crime and illustrates the different interpretations of welfare costs of crime and violence within this unified framework. This theoretical benchmark is then used as a benchmark to review the empirical literature on the topic.
Findings
The analysis suggests that the most commonly estimated dimension of the welfare cost of crime − related to the total loss associated with crime − although relevant as an illustrative tool, is not very useful from a policy perspective. The literature should therefore move closer to the idea of estimating marginal costs and benefits in order to become policy relevant.
Research limitations/implications
Policy-oriented research related to optimal law enforcement should move in the direction of estimating the marginal willingness to pay of individuals for reductions in crime. This should be compared to the marginal cost of alternative policies in order to guide public policy in the area.
Originality/value
This survey rationalizes in economic terms the estimates from the existing methodologies, highlights some of their limitations, and points out potential directions for future research. It provides one of the first unified views of the various dimensions of welfare cost of crime and violence that have been presented in the literature.
Keywords
Acknowledgements
This paper greatly benefited from suggestions from Norman Loayza and Stephen Miller. Excellent research assistance was provided by Hamilton Kai. The author gratefully acknowledges financial support from the World Bank when writing a first draft that eventually led to this survey.
Citation
Soares, R.R. (2015), "Welfare costs of crime and common violence", Journal of Economic Studies, Vol. 42 No. 1, pp. 117-137. https://doi.org/10.1108/JES-05-2012-0062
Publisher
:Emerald Group Publishing Limited
Copyright © 2015, Emerald Group Publishing Limited