Index
The Return of Trust? Institutions and the Public after the Icelandic Financial Crisis
ISBN: 978-1-78743-348-9, eISBN: 978-1-78743-347-2
Publication date: 20 August 2018
This content is currently only available as a PDF
Citation
(2018), "Index", Sigurjonsson, T.O., Schwarzkopf, D.L. and Bryant, M. (Ed.) The Return of Trust? Institutions and the Public after the Icelandic Financial Crisis, Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 269-276. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78743-347-220181019
Publisher
:Emerald Publishing Limited
Copyright © 2018 Emerald Publishing Limited
INDEX
accountability
, 49, 160–162, 165, 171, 174, 177, 214
and blame-avoidance
, 156, 158
and trust
, 160
forums
, 155, 157, 161–162
mechanisms
, 158, 160–161, 165
political
, 189
processes
, 161
crisis-induced
, 153, 155, 158
account-givers
, 157, 161–162
actors
, 33, 37–40, 43–44, 46–49, 144, 154–155, 158, 182, 188, 228
central
, 40, 43, 49
agreement
, 6, 10–11, 88, 102, 112, 114, 119, 186–188
partnership
, 138, 144–145
Althingi
, 55, 58–62, 64, 132, 144, 174–175, 239
, See also Iceland—Parliament, parliament
analysts
, 29–30, 33, 35–36, 39, 43, 47
anthropology
, 87–88, 131
argument-network
, 41, 43–44
arguments
, 29, 31, 33, 36–41, 43–49, 157, 172, 174, 182, 187, 232, 235–236, 239, 242
affective
, 40–41, 46
central
, 40, 44
assessments
, 138, 184–185, 188, 254, 257
bankers
, 14, 16, 25, 29, 82–83, 89–91, 95–96, 99, 152, 163, 179–180, 186, 221, 223
banking crisis
, 48, 112, 120, 122, 180
banking institutions
, 55, 64–65
banking policy
, 116
banking sector
, 15, 65, 67, 74–75, 100, 103, 113, 123, 153, 164, 214
, See also financial sector
banking supervision
, 17
banking system
, 3–4, 6–9, 11–12, 14, 17, 31, 33–35, 64–67, 81, 90–91, 97–99, 101, 221, 223
banks
, 4–7, 9–10, 14–19, 34–36, 38, 80–82, 91–100, 102–103, 116–118, 152, 174, 180–182, 184–188, 215–223, 229, 247–248, 250–253, 257
domestic
, 5, 252
failed
, 7, 10–11, 15, 115, 116, 120, 163, 249
major
, 4, 34, 97–98, 178–179, 216–217, 220, 247
new
, 114, 116–118, 122–123, 250–253, 255–256
Basel III
, 215–217
basis points
, 19–20, 24
BCBS (Basel Committee on Bank Supervision)
, 215, 217, 219
Berkshire Hathaway
, 94
betrayal
, 87, 249
blame-avoidance
, 155–156, 158
board (of directors)
, 10, 12, 14, 47, 48, 132, 133, 136, 138–139, 141, 144, 147, 171, 172, 214, 218–219, 228–231, 235, 236–237, 239–240, 241, 258
brokerage houses
, 203
Business Iceland
, 144, 233, 236–237
Business Viking
, 87–88, 93, 247
capital
, 4, 12, 31, 90, 137, 201–202, 214–217, 248, 252
capital controls
, 7–8, 19–20, 24, 113, 115–116, 123, 153, 197–198, 252–253
imposition of
, 16, 113–115
lifting of
, 23
capital inflows
, 5, 12–13, 25
capital requirements
, 215–216
CBI (Central Bank of Iceland)
, 3, 6–7, 9–10, 14–15, 17, 18–19, 20, 22–24, 55, 64–67, 101–102, 112–115, 117–118, 121, 123, 247, 253
CDA (critical discourse analysis)
, 30–31, 48
CDS
, 24
Central Bank of Iceland.
, See CBI
centrality measures
, 40, 43–44
citizens and institutions
, 2, 255
claims
, 10, 30–31, 44, 56, 80, 96, 102, 114, 117, 119–120, 184, 190, 206, 238
commercial banks, domestic
, 4
community, ethical
, 32, 47
companies, parent
, 132, 142, 144
consumers
, 196–198, 201, 204, 206–208, 222
corporate boards.
, See board (of directors)
corporate governance
, 34–35, 134, 137–139, 141, 144–145, 218, 229, 233, 235–237
corporate social responsibility
, 200
corruption
, 9, 15, 81–82, 93, 95, 99–103, 156, 159, 163, 182
credibility
, 10, 22, 92, 134, 236
credit institutions
, 137, 139–140, 146, 215, 217, 219, 222
creditors
, 4, 25, 102, 119, 122, 141, 145, 163, 228, 232, 250
crisis-induced accountability
, 154–155, 158
crisis-induced investigations
, 54, 154, 158, 160
critical discourse analysis.
, See CDA
crowd investing
, 202
crowd investment process
, 202, 205
crowdfunding
, 171, 202
debt-based
, 203
donation-based
, 202–203
equity-based
, 203
reward-based
, 202–203
culpability
, 155, 158, 161–162, 165
culpability dimensions
, 155–156
cultural economics
, 87–88
currency crisis
, 3–4, 16, 112
, See also economic crisis, financial crisis
customers
, 130, 142, 144, 200, 218, 221, 258
Danske Bank
, 15, 33, 35–37, 92
data protection
, 206, 208
data protection and privacy
, 197, 206–207
debt
, 5, 8, 11–12, 20, 22–23, 35, 115, 121–123, 137, 187, 202–203, 250–252, 257
five-year government
, 24
household
, 7, 18
public
, 23, 121–122
demographic groups
, 56, 60, 68, 72
deposit insurance
, 10–11, 114
digitalisation
, 197, 199, 201, 207, 208
digitalised financial services
, 199, 204, 206, 208
directors.
, See board (of directors)
discourse
, 29, 31–34, 36, 37, 47, 79
divisive
, 188
legalistic
, 178
nationalistic
, 187
political
, 188
populist
, 187
distrust, xii
, 54–55, 103, 130, 158, 162, 164–165, 185, 236
diversity
, 39, 228, 231, 237, 239–242
and corporate governance codes
, 236
domestic authorities
, 6, 9, 17, 24
economic adventure
, 88, 91, 93, 96, 103
economic crash
, 87–89, 98–99, 131, 133
economic crisis
, 30, 118, 131, 133–134, 146
, See also currency crisis, financial crisis
economic processes
, 87–88
economics
, 17–18, 31, 33, 35, 37, 39, 41, 43, 47, 49
economy
, 4, 7–8, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20–21, 23, 25, 67, 247
, See also Iceland—economy
education
, 18, 55, 62, 66, 68, 70, 73, 80, 121, 156, 164, 230, 237, 241
elementary
, 60–61, 65, 69
EEA.
, See European Economic Area
elites
, 80, 91–92, 96, 99
Emergency Legislation
, 114, 116–119, 250
employee satisfaction
, 142–143
enterprise
, 131, 134, 142, 145, 147, 229, 235, 237–238, 240–241
entrepreneurs
, 202, 205
equity
, 94, 202–203, 215–216, 219, 232, 248, 252, 257
ethics
, 80, 179, 188
Working Group on
, 171
euro
, 10, 15, 207
European Economic Area (EEA)
, 22, 90, 117, 119, 255
European Parliament
, 187, 190, 215
eurozone
, 5, 9–10, 12, 20, 24
exchange rate
, 4, 7, 18–21, 113, 115–116, 123
Exista
, 94–95
financial advice
, 196, 201–202
financial companies
, 5, 92–95, 187
financial crisis
, 4–5, 153, 161, 165–167, 197–198, 231–232
, See also currency crisis, economic crisis
financial decision making, context of
, 199
financial institutions, xiii
, 22, 48, 66, 74, 78, 94–97, 100, 197–198, 219–220, 233
financial markets
, 197, 200, 217, 221
financial products
, 206–208
financial sector
, 55, 64, 67, 74, 92, 94, 175, 179–182, 184, 188, 229–230, 232, 237, 240
, See also banking sector
financial service providers
, 196–197, 201, 205
financial services
, 201, 203, 214
digital
, 207–208
establish trust in digitalised
, 204, 208
traditional
, 197, 201, 205, 208
Financial Supervisory Authority.
, See FSA
financial system
, 6–8, 34–35, 37, 131, 134, 178, 181, 197, 247, 254–255
Financial Times
, 112
financing, external
, 112, 203
FinTech
, 196, 201
firms
, 25, 116, 120, 123, 202, 207, 228, 235–236, 239, 242
bankrupt
, 25
financial
, 93, 228, 238
international
, 90
non-financial
, 197
private
, 232
real estate
, 34
regulating
, 233
supervising insurance
, 219
fiscal policies
, 7, 12, 16, 23, 25
FME
, 14, 55, 64–65, 67, 74, 101, 162, 197, 216, 218–220
, See also FSA
focussed public discourse
, 31–32
foreign currencies
, 6–7, 10, 15–16, 18, 100–101, 115, 248, 256
Foreign Exchange Act
, 115–116
foreign governments
, 6–7
foreign investors
, 5, 18, 20
FSA (Financial Supervisory Authority)
, 55, 114, 178, 216, 220, 233, 235, 238–239, 247–248, 250, 253, 258
Gallup
, 25, 55–56, 59–60, 67, 96, 158–159, 221
Gallup-Iceland
, 55, 58, 61, 98, 101, 221
Gallup-Iceland surveys
, 57–60, 64–65, 68–69, 71–72
GDP (gross domestic product)
, 4, 12–13, 20–23, 112, 116, 119–122, 181
gender
, 55–56, 61–62, 66, 70, 73–74, 228, 239–242
balance
, 228, 231, 239
diversity
, 230, 236
equality, xiv
, 230, 242
gap
, 239
goal
, 242
issue
, 230
quota law
, 228, 229, 230–231, 239, 240, 258
ratios
, 236
rights
, 171
Germany
, 13, 203
Geysir Green Energy (GGE)
, 133
GGE (Geysir Green Energy)
, 133
Glitnir Bank.
, See banks
globalisation
, 88, 100–101, 103
gross domestic product.
, See GDP
health care system
, 69, 72–74
heterodox policies
, 114
holding companies
, 95, 102, 248
homogeneity
, 232, 249
household cash flow
, 252
households
, 22–23, 25, 100, 115–116, 123, 196, 252, 256
Iceland
as an international financial hub
, 90
authorities
, 3–4, 112
businesses
, 131, 182, 231, 242
Chamber of Commerce
, 144, 233, 236–237
citizens
, 163, 186
culture
, xiii–xiv
depositors
, 250, 255
economy, xii
, 5, 12, 35, 37, 90, 92, 94–96, 131, 134, 181, 184, 190
history
, 164–165
nation
, 87, 89, 91–92
, See also national identity
Parliament
, 48, 99, 152, 159, 163, 165, 174, 186, 190
, See also Althingi, parliament
parties
, 117–118
president
, 175, 187–188
society
, 78, 92, 100–101, 103, 162, 174, 176, 183–185, 237
state
, 5, 118, 120, 186–187
state prosecutor
, 152
, See also special prosecutor
taxpayers
, 114
Icesave
, 3, 7, 10, 25, 100, 103, 118, 119–120, 123, 174, 186, 188
IMF (International Monetary Fund)
, 3, 5–10, 15–17, 19–20, 94, 101, 118–121, 123, 153,
IMF programme
, 6–10, 16, 23, 116, 119–120, 123–124
IMF staff
, 113, 119–120
inequality
, 31, 80, 167
income
, 230
increased
, 159
information asymmetries
, 157, 162, 196
institutionalised mistrust
, 153, 155, 157, 159, 161, 163, 165
institutional investors
, 3, 201
institutionalisation
, 152
institutions, xiv
, 72, 74, 114, 242
domestic
, 9, 13, 16, 114
national, xii
political, xiii
, 55, 59, 61–62, 65, 89, 171
public, xii
, 101, 161, 165
public trust in
, 153–154, 158, 165, 197, 200, 206, 208, 214, 221
integrity
, 142, 187
interest rates
, 13, 16, 18–20, 25, 116, 218, 256
, See also Central Bank interest rates
international financial
markets
, 92
shocks
, 116
International Monetary Fund.
, See IMF
investigations
, 113, 153, 177, 184, 189, 220–221, 254–255
, See also Special Investigation Commission
investment decisions
, 203–204
investment opportunities
, 198, 202, 205
investments
, 5, 20, 94–96, 98, 133, 138, 140, 196, 198–202, 205
crowd
, 202, 205, 207
investors
, 10, 16, 25, 34, 89, 91, 94–95, 97, 133, 144, 164, 180, 200–206
ISK (Icelandic króna)
, 134, 139, 218, 222, 247, 259
, See also currency crisis
judicial authorities
, 154
judicial system
, 67–70
Kaupthing Bank.
, See banks
knowledge
, 80, 102, 135, 157, 200, 204, 218, 236
expert
, 196, 206
financial
, 201
scientific-economic
, 152
sufficient
, 218
technical
, 47
króna.
, See currency crisis, ISK
Landsbankinn (Bank).
, See banks
law-enforcement agencies
, 67–70, 74
legalism
, 178
technical
, 174, 178–179, 189
loans
, 6, 8–9, 17, 100–101, 117, 137, 139–140, 181, 248, 251–252, 254, 256–257
domestic
, 117, 251, 256
management teams
, 141, 143, 235
Manic Millennium
, 89–90, 92–93, 95, 98–99
markets
, 88, 90, 118, 121, 197–198, 254
media
coverage
, 29, 147, 160, 163
social
, 163, 201, 205, 207
mistrust
, 88–89, 103, 134, 156, 160–162, 165
monetary policy
, 3, 8, 16–18, 22
Monetary Policy Committee
, 17–20
municipalities
, 131–133, 138, 251
NASDAQ Iceland
, 144, 233, 236–237
national coast guard.
, See NCG
national identity
, 87–88
NCG (national coast guard)
, 67–70
neoliberalism
, 79
network analysis
, 29, 31, 33
network composition measures
, 38–39
network stability
, 29
network vulnerability
, 46
networks
, 29, 31, 33, 37, 39–41, 43–46, 49, 198
two-mode
, 37, 40
NLCI (National Lutheran Church of Iceland)
, 71–72, 74
Nordic countries
, 6–8, 10, 119, 159, 162, 231
OECD (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development)
, 15, 23, 94, 121–122
operations
energy-related
, 133
insurance
, 94
sewage disposal utility
, 132
telecommunication
, 132
wind-up
, 250
Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development.
, See OECD
organisational learning
, 157, 167
organisations
, 94, 182, 188, 233, 236, 246
non-governmental
, 207
ownership policy
, 138, 141, 144–145, 147
parliament
, 11–16, 55, 57–58, 61, 156, 158–159, 161–163, 174–175, 185, 228–230, 239–240, 253–254
members of
, 15, 163–164, 175, 184, 187–188, 190
, See also Althingi, Iceland—Parliament
people-network
, 41, 43–44
personal trust
, 197, 200, 205
platforms
crowd-investment
, 202, 205
social-trading
, 203–205
police force
, 67–68, 70
political parties
, 17, 82, 132, 136, 180
political support
, 163
politics
, 54–55, 79, 82, 101, 119, 135, 160, 174, 177, 180, 182–184, 188–190
municipal
, 135
population
, 11, 14, 56–57, 59, 67, 72, 87–88, 90–91, 132, 162, 165, 257
post-crisis period
, 22, 59, 65, 68, 69, 72, 160–161, 164
power
economic
, 92
foreign
, 187
investigative
, 175, 253, 254
professional
, 29
private limited companies
, 228, 239–240
processes, selection
, 205, 236–237, 240, 242
prudential requirements
, 215, 217, 220
public accountability
, 153–158, 160–162
public administration
, 157, 160, 165
publicly traded firms
, 228, 239
public trust, xiii
, 59, 65, 99, 101, 103, 131, 145, 153–154, 157–158, 235, 254
measurements
, 154, 163
Qatar’s Sovereign Wealth Fund
, 153, 167
quality
, 49, 92, 132, 190, 196, 202, 205, 215, 216, 217, 221, 230
quota
, 8, 241
, See also gender—quota law
recovery, xii
, 8, 21–22, 71, 116, 119, 123, 153, 164, 214, 256
asset
, 120
economic
, 54, 117, 153
export-led
, 25
social
, 54, 152–153
regulatory reforms
, 214, 219, 223
REI (Reykjavík Energy Invest)
, 133–134, 138
relations
, 4, 7, 30, 90, 100, 119, 138, 174, 176, 180, 182
relationship, xiii
, 5, 33, 93, 154, 156–158, 160–162, 199–200
representation, female
, 171–172, 228, 230–231
Reykjavík City Council
, 55, 58, 61, 132, 134–137
Reykjavík Energy
, 131–132, 134–135, 137, 139–141, 143
Reykjavík Energy Invest.
, See REI
Reykjavík Fibre Network
, 132, 143–144
robo-advice
, 201, 204, 208
savings banks
, 197
social connection model
, 182, 185
social media platforms
, 201, 207
, See also media
social trading
, 196, 201, 203–205, 207–208
SOEs.
, See state-owned enterprises
Special Investigation Commission
, 11, 47–48, 99, 152, 247, 249, 253
special prosecutor
, 152, 161, 184
stakeholders
, 90, 133, 146, 232, 237, 246, 258
state-owned enterprises (SOEs)
, 228, 233, 239
Statistics Iceland
, 23, 122, 231, 242, 257
Supreme Court of Iceland
, 164, 250, 256
transparency
, 30, 34, 41, 130, 142, 164, 239
trust
absence of
, 6, 54, 78–80, 87–88, 133, 159, 259
affective
, 199–200
breakdown of
, 98
calculative
, 199
climate of
, 157, 160–162, 165
declining
, 159–160, 165
level of
, 56, 72, 157, 162, 196, 221–222
measures of
, 55, 56, 57, 65, 68, 72, 74, 214
patterns of
, 154
political
, 246
rebuilding
, 172, 186, 214, 246, 256, 259
restoration of
, 4, 54, 67, 141, 146, 154, 160, 165, 171, 240
return of
, xiv, 3, 29, 87
role of
, 197, 199, 208
sense of
, 89, 96
unemployment
, 4, 249
vulnerability
, 100, 199, 233, 249
Working Group on Ethics (WGE)
, 174–178, 180, 183, 185–186, 188, 189
women
, 60, 65–66, 68–70, 73–74, 80, 229, 231–232, 239, 241
, See also gender
- Prelims
- Part I: The Situation
- A Summary of the Chapters in Part I
- Chapter 1: Restoring Confidence in the Aftermath of Iceland’s Financial Crisis
- Chapter 2: Discursive Control Using Emotion and Economics During a Financial Crisis
- Chapter 3: Public Trust in Institutions in Pre- and Post-Crisis Iceland (I): Take the Lift Down, But Use the Stairs Up
- Chapter 4: Trust: Some Questions from a Layperson
- Part II: Responses
- A Summary of the Chapters in Part II
- Chapter 5: ‘Not Just Crying About the Money’: Iceland and Globalisation During Boom and Crisis
- Chapter 6: Restoring Trust in Iceland: Iceland’s IMF Programme
- Chapter 7: A Question of Trust: The Story of Reykjavík Energy
- Chapter 8: Public Trust in Institutions in Pre- and Post-Crisis Iceland (II): Institutionalised Mistrust
- Part II: Moving Forward
- A Summary of the Chapters in Part II
- Chapter 9: Have Icelanders Learned Their Lesson? The Investigation of the Icelandic Collapse and its Aftermath
- Chapter 10: Trust and Financial Services: The Impact of Increasing Digitalisation and the Financial Crisis
- Chapter 11: Post-Crisis Regulation and Supervision of Icelandic Banks
- Chapter 12: Restoring Trust Through Improved Corporate Governance and Adherence to Gender Quotas
- Chapter 13: Governance Mechanisms Post
- About the Authors
- Index