Prelims

Half Title Page

Family Business Debates

Endorsements

In Family Business Debates: Multidimensional Perspectives Across Countries, Continents and Geo-political Frontiers the authors propose an exploratory journey in 18 stages towards one of the founding territories, and paradoxically less studied, of our economic system, the family business. The interaction of two complex systems, such as family and business, is addressed in this very interesting book, which first analyzes this confluence from a philosophical and sociological perspective and then illustrates the development of this business model in various geographies. The result? An essential text for those who want to understand the dynamics of family business, either for academic purposes or as support for their professional practice.

– Alejandro Javier Rosa, Partner in PwC Argentina

This book deepens through the contribution of relevant researchers and academics from around the world, fully reflecting the effort to generate valuable knowledge about a key sector in the current business world. Each chapter involves a crucial and controversial issue of the family business based on reflection, debate, and analysis and covers its idiosyncrasy in different countries, governance, social dimensions, good and bad practices, and the entrepreneurship factor, among other themes.

It includes complexity and an exhaustive coverage of strategies, approaches, actions for those who manage family businesses in today's complex world, or for those who are interested to discuss, learn, and internalize about the subject. The authors have made a unique, contemporary and innovative contribution that will leave its mark on the challenging future of family businesses.

– Fabiana Gadow, CEO of Korn Ferry Argentina

This book has been written mainly by new family business scholars from many different places worldwide and brings a new multidimensional and multicultural research agenda. The main objective is to have a high-quality debate between various stakeholders of the family business ecosystem. Academics will find fascinating insights about doing better research in a challenging environment and give examples of case studies that could bring exciting frameworks to the field. For practitioners, they will find valuable ideas to manage their organization through the complexity of the family firms and therefore survive this fifth wave. Some of these primary aspects discussed in the book are factors that influence the continuity of the organization, like how to create a good entrepreneur culture, strategies to become a large firm, and how to implement corporate governance in a better way, avoiding bad practices as the concentration of power and corruption. Finally, for policymakers, there are good ideas to endorse family businesses in these new ecosystems. Therefore, I would like to congratulate my colleagues on this initiative that helps our field preserve our family businesses.

– Gonzalo Gómez-Betancourt; PhD, CEO, Legacy & Management Consulting Group and Legacy School of Ownership

Family Business Debate is an exciting journey between the theory of the researcher and the practice of the consultant who works with business families. With innovative, current topics and, in many cases, courageous approaches, the book explores little-known aspects of this type of organization. I know several of the authors of the articles, and I can assure you that, as writers, they have put their best into this work to ensure quality and adequate impact on the reader. If you are looking for multicultural perspectives to guide you in understanding today's family businesses, this book is one of the best choices.

– Guillermo Salazar, Founder of Exaudi Family Business Consulting

Title Page

Family Business Debates: Multidimensional Perspectives Across Countries, Continents and Geo-political Frontiers

Edited By

Oscar Javier Montiel Méndez

Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, México

Salvatore Tomaselli

Università di Palermo, Italy

And

Argentina Soto Maciel

Universidad Anáhuac México, México

United Kingdom – North America – Japan – India – Malaysia – China

Copyright Page

Emerald Publishing Limited

Howard House, Wagon Lane, Bingley BD16 1WA, UK

First edition 2023

Editorial matter and selection © 2023 Oscar Javier Montiel Méndez, Salvatore Tomaselli and Argentina Soto Maciel.

Individual chapters © 2023 The authors.

Published under exclusive licence by Emerald Publishing Limited.

Reprints and permissions service

Contact: permissions@emeraldinsight.com

No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without either the prior written permission of the publisher or a licence permitting restricted copying issued in the UK by The Copyright Licensing Agency and in the USA by The Copyright Clearance Center. Any opinions expressed in the chapters are those of the authors. Whilst Emerald makes every effort to ensure the quality and accuracy of its content, Emerald makes no representation implied or otherwise, as to the chapters' suitability and application and disclaims any warranties, express or implied, to their use.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

ISBN: 978-1-80117-667-5 (Print)

ISBN: 978-1-80117-666-8 (Online)

ISBN: 978-1-80117-668-2 (Epub)

Dedication

To the family businesses around the world, who, despite the general lack of real support and recognition from the main actors of our present economical systems, keep going forward to pursue their dreams.

To our families.

List of Figures and Tables

About the Contributors

Araceli Almaraz Alvarado has a PhD in Social Sciences with a specialty in Social History. She is professor at El Colegio de la Frontera Norte, belonging to the National Research System by the National Council of Science and Technology (Level 2). Her academic interests are Cross-border Business, Business History, and Family Business. In 2007, she obtained the recognition of distinguished student by the Instituto Nacional de Estudios Históricos de las Revoluciones de México; in 2009–2010 was Executive Secretary of the Economic History of Northern of Mexico Association Mexico. She entered the Mexican Academy of History in 2019 represented Baja California. In the Mexican Economic History is the Secretary (2021–2024).

Dr Luisa Cagica Carvalho is Associate Professor at the Department of Economics and Management, School of Business and Administration, Institute Polytechnic of Setúbal, Portugal. She is a Researcher at the Center for Advanced Studies in Management and Economics (CEFAGE), University of Évora (Portugal). She received her PhD in Management from the University of Évora (Portugal). She is also invited professor at the University of São Paulo-Brazil and coordinates and lectures the subject of Entrepreneurship and Innovation on the PhD program. She is the author of several articles in scientific journals, international conferences, books, and book chapters.

Donella Caspersz is a Senior Lecturer in the Management and Organisations department at the University of Western Australia Business School. Donella's research and teaching interests focus on family business and SMEs organizational and management issues, and employment relations mainly relating to labor migration.

Allan Discua Cruz is Director of the Center for Family Business, Department of Entrepreneurship and Strategy, Lancaster University Management School, Lancaster, United Kingdom.

Rosa Azalea Canales García is Professor and Research Coordinator at the Faculty of Economics of the Autonomous University of the State of Mexico. She has a PhD in Economic-Administrative Sciences from the Autonomous University of the State of Mexico. She is a member of the National System of Researchers, Level 1, and winner of the ANUIES Award for the best Doctoral Thesis on Higher Education (2014). She holds a Master’s Degree in Economics with a specialty in Business, Finance, and Innovation from the Metropolitan Autonomous University and a BA in Economics from the Autonomous University of the State of Mexico. Her research lines include innovation, entrepreneurship, knowledge networks, and economic institutionalism.

Vanessa Diaz-Moriana is currently an Associate Professor at the University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), Spain. Her research lies at the intersection between strategic entrepreneurship and family business, and her work is focused on how entrepreneurial firms make decisions and eventually act. She is currently part of the Family Business Chair in the University of the Balearic Islands and serving as an Associate Editor at the European Journal of Family Business (EJFB). Her research has been published in leading international journals such as Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Journal of Business Research, International Small Business Journal, European Management Journal, and European Management Review, among others.

Anel Flores Novelo, PhD, is a Full-Time Professor at the Faculty of Accounting and Administration of the Autonomous University of Yucatán. She is a Member of the Mexican National Research System. Her research interests include areas such as social entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial intention, and digital marketing.

Brian Gregory Director of the Entrepreneur in Residence Programme, the Department of Entrepreneurship and Strategy, Lancaster University Management School, Lancaster, United Kingdom.

Remedios Hernández-Linares is Associate Professor at the University of Extremaudra (UEx), Spain. Her primary research interests are family businesses, business strategy, entrepreneurship, and higher education learning. She is currently serving as an Associated Editor at the European Journal of Family Business (EJFB). Her work has appeared in journals such as Journal of Knowledge Management, Family Business Review, Journal of Small Business Management, Journal of Family Business Strategy, BRQ Business Research Quarterly, Scientometrics, Spanish Accounting Review, and Spanish Journal of Finance and Accounting, among others.

Sarah L. Jack is the Jacob and Marcus Wallenberg Professor of Innovative and Sustainable Business Development at Stockholm School of Economics, Stockholm, Sweden. She is also a Professor of Entrepreneurship at Lancaster University Management School, Lancaster, United Kingdom.

Afusat Jaiyeola is a Doctoral Researcher at the University of Wolverhampton. Her current research focuses on entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial orientation, and financing decisions of family businesses in emerging markets.

Prof Yanshuang Li is Professor in Management in Hebei University of Technology, China. Her research focuses on family business, strategic management, human resource management, business performance, and has published 80+ journal papers. She has also acted as the principal investigator for 15 research projects sponsored by the provincial funding councils.

Argentina Soto Maciel, PhD, earned a PhD in Business Administration at Université Jean Moulin, Lyon 3 (France). She is a Professor of Business Administration at the Business and Economics School, Universidad Anáhuac México (Mexico). Her research focuses on Family Business. She is the author of several papers, articles, and books chapters. Argentina is invited as a speaker at conferences or seminars and collaborates with different journals.

Dr Samia Mahmood is a Senior Lecturer in Accounting and Finance at Wolverhampton Business School. Her research and publication focus are microfinance, SME financing, women entrepreneurship, and empowerment.

Yunuen Ysela Mandujano-Salazar is a Professor and Researcher in the Department of Social Sciences at the Autonomous University of Ciudad Juarez (Mexico). She holds a PhD in Social Sciences with a focus in Cultural Studies and a Master's Degree in Studies of Asia and Africa specialty in Japan. Her research interests include Japanese contemporary culture and society, media discourses, and identity construction. She is a member of the Mexican National System of Researchers (SNI).

Ulises Campbell Manjarrez has a PhD in Social Sciences from the Autonomous Metropolitan University, Xochimilco Unit (UAM-X), with a specialty in Power Relations and Political Culture. He is currently a Professor and Researcher at the Autonomous University of Ciudad Juárez (UACJ) and Professor of Philosophy of Education, and similarly, has taught Fundamentals of Economic Theory and Political Economy.

Adriana Martinez Martinez is a full-time Professor at UNAM. His research interests include innovation capabilities, industry 4.0, and automotive industry. His current research project is “Methodological proposal to measure the Innovation and Absorptive Capabilities 4.0”, supported by DGAPA-PAPIIT-UNAM. He was rewarded with the National Award for Labor Research 2005 (STyPS/OIT). He is Editor in Chief of Entreciencias and a Member of the National Researchers System by Conacyt (Level 2).

Miguel Méndez holds an Aeronautical Engineering degree (UNLP, Argentina) and a Master in Business Administration (Instituto Directivos de Empresa CESEM, Spain). He worked for over 29 years reaching top management and Board positions in multinational family companies in Europe and Latin America. After this extensive experience as practitioner, he moved to academia and is currently undertaking his PhD studies at the IAE Business School, Universidad Austral (Argentina). His research focuses on corporate governance and family business, with emphasis in developing economies. He collaborates with several companies as advisor to the Board and advises family firms in governance matters.

Oscar Javier Montiel Méndez is a Professor of Management at Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez (UACJ). He obtained his PhD in Management Sciences at Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM). He is a member of Mexico's National System of Researchers. Former Chapter Leader, Entrepreneurship, Academy of Administrative Sciences of Mexico. He is the author and coordinator of several worldwide distributed books on Entrepreneurship and articles published on national/international conference proceedings, books, and top impact journals. His latest books are The History of Entrepreneurship in Mexico: Contextualizing Theory, Theorizing Context (2020), The Emerald Handbook of Entrepreneurship in LatinAmerica: Unleashing a Millennial Potential (2022), and Family Business Debates: Multidimensional Perspectives Across Countries, Continents and Geo-political Frontiers, all published and distributed worldwide by Emerald.

Dr Leyla Orudzheva received her PhD in Strategic Management from the University of North Texas. Her research focuses on the phenomena lying at the intersection of three major areas: corporate corruption, corporate social responsibility and sustainability, and international business context. She has published in journals such as Journal of Business Ethics and Social Responsibility Journal, and presented her research at the Academy of Management, Southern Management Association, Academy of International Business MENA, and Strategic Management Society annual meetings. She is an associate member of the One Planet Education Network (OPEN).

R. Duncan M. Pelly is the Cal Turner Endowed Chair of Business in the Department of Business Administration at Fisk University. He received his PhD in Entrepreneurship from EM Lyon Business School. He served in the United States Army for four and a half years, attaining the rank of Captain, before beginning his doctoral studies. He holds a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Pennsylvania in International Relations, French, and German. His interests include entrepreneurial opportunity, the Marquis de Sade, adhocracies, autoethnography, and philosophical foundations of entrepreneurship.

Melinda Roberson, an undergraduate at McMurry University, is in the honors program, pursuing an Accounting degree, MBA in Accounting, and CPA license. Owner of Mezamiz Coffee House; she previously had worked in the IT field for 38 years. Currently, she is an USTA and ITA official, and local area coordinator for team tennis for juniors and adults. She has been involved in the community currently as a volunteer in the AWANA program for 19 years. She previously volunteered at Christmas Lane for the Abilene State Supported for 10 years, Day Nursery of Abilene as a parent representative to the board for 10 years, and served four years on the Data Processing Management Association board, spending two of those years as Secretary. Her interests include entrepreneurial opportunities and tennis.

María Rodríguez-García is a Lecturer and Researcher in the Department of Business Management at the Universitat de València, Spain. She is currently pursuing her PhD at the same institution. Her research revolves around the incorporation of a family council in Family Businesses. María has also collaborated in teaching innovation projects in several academic institutions, highlighting the creation of two MOOCs courses on digital marketing at the Polytechnic University of Valencia (Spain).

Dr Manjula S. Salimath is a Professor of Management at the G. Brint Ryan College of Business, University of North Texas. She holds dual doctorates in Business and Organizational Psychology, and is a past president of the Southwest Academy of Management. Her work is published in journals such as Journal of Business Ethics, Journal of Business Research, Technovation, Management Decision, International Journal of Organizational Analysis, Knowledge Management Research and Practice, International Journal of Production Economics, Thunderbird International Business Review, Business International Review, Business and Society Review, and New England Journal of Entrepreneurship, as well as encyclopedias and handbooks. Current interests include entrepreneurship, ethics, innovation, and international business.

Dr Valeriano Sanchez-Famoso is Associate Professor and member of the Family Business Centre at the University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Spain. He also collaborates with the Institut D'entrepreneuriat Banque Nationale – HEC Montréal (Canada). His research has contributed to several leading journals such as Human Relations, European Management Journal, Journal of Small Business Management, and Scandinavian Management Journal. Before joining Academia, Dr Sanchez-Famoso worked several years as an auditor and in the financial department of manufacturing family companies.

Pi-Shen Seet is a Professor of Entrepreneurship and Innovation at Edith Cowan University School of Business and Law. Pi-Shen's teaching and research mainly focuses on the areas of entrepreneurship, innovation, and management in the Asia-Pacific region, also examining these phenomena in family firms.

Marie Segares is an Associate Professor in Management and Information Technology at St. Francis College in Brooklyn, New York. Her areas of research interest include artisan entrepreneurship, creative business, microenterprise, leadership, small business marketing, and gender and diversity in organizations.

Mare Stevanovski is a Tutor and Research Officer in the Management and Organisations department at the University of Western Australia. She completed her Honors in Family Business, which remains her main area of interest in her research.

Salvatore Tomaselli, PhD, graduated in Economics in 1984 at the Università di Palermo (Italy) and earned a PhD in Business Administration at IESE Business School, Barcelona, Spain, in 1998. Salvatore, a globetrotter passionate in Family Business, has developed a reach consulting and academic experience throughout the five continents. Salvatore is frequently invited as guest speaker in conferences, workshops, and seminars. He is a tenured Associate Professor of Business Administration at the Università di Palermo (Italy), Adjunct Professor of the Joint Research Center of Sino-Foreign Family Enterprises of Beijing Institute of Technology (China), and Visiting Professor of Family Business and Entrepreneurship at Zagreb University. He is also a founding member and fellow of IFERA, Ordinary Member of the Real Academia Europea de Doctores (http://raed.eu), Barcelona, Spain. Salvatore is the author of a number of papers, articles, and books. He has served as member of the editorial board of various journals. In 1993 and 1999 received the FBNAward for the best research paper presented at the FBN Annual World Conference.

Pedro Vázquez, PhD, is Professor at the IAE Business School and FCE at Universidad Austral (Argentina). He teaches, conducts research, and consults mainly on Governance and Family Business. His work has been published in leading journals (Journal of Business Ethics, Journal of Family Business Strategy, Harvard Deusto Business Review, Cross Cultural & Strategic Management). He also presides the Latin American Chapter of IFERA (International Family Enterprise Research Academy) and is member of the International Corporate Governance Society. As Visiting Professor, he teaches in Business Schools in Latin America, Europe, and the United States. Prof Vázquez holds a PhD in Management with focus in Family Business (IAE Business School, Summa Cum Laude), a Master in Business Administration (Leipzig Graduate School of Management, Schmalenbach Scholar), and degrees in Psychology (UNLP). Before starting his academic career, he worked for over 20 years reaching top management and Board positions in companies in Europe and Latin America. Prof. Vazquez participates as independent member and advisor to the Board of several companies.

Professor Yong Wang is a Professor in Family Business and Entrepreneurship at Wolverhampton Business School, University of Wolverhampton, UK. His teaching, research, and publications focus on family business, entrepreneurship, strategy, and business performance. His work has been published in journals, such as Journal of Small Business Management, Journal of Strategic Information System, International Journal of Hospitality Management, International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research, Journal of Family Business Strategy, International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation, Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, as well as others.

Mariana Zerón Félix has a doctorate in Administration and is Research Professor at the Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas (UAT), Mexico. She has a Public Accountant and Master in Finance from the Facultad de Comercio y Administración Victoria of the UAT. Mariana is a Member of the National System of Researchers (SNI) level 1. She is currently the Research and Postgraduate Secretary of the UAT, Leader of the Academic Body “Strategies for the development of the territory”, and Specialist in the United States–Mexico Border Studies from Colegio de la Frontera Norte (COLEF). Her academic career is in the area of social sciences. She is a human capital trainer at undergraduate and postgraduate levels, as well as instructor of courses, workshops, and conferences given to public and private sectors on the topics of strategic behavior, entrepreneurship, innovation management, and territorial development. She has recognition for a desirable PRODEP profile. She is Academic Certified by the National Association of Faculties and Schools of Accounting and Administration (ANFECA).

Preface

Family businesses shape economies, communities, and indeed families themselves. Family businesses exist across countries, continents, and geopolitical boundaries, creating economic and social boundaries, harmony, and conflict, strong business practice, and weak, often reactive practice. The importance of family business is difficult to overstate, both whether viewed through the lens of the individual firm or by considering the families who may support and run several businesses either simultaneously or sequentially. This is the essence of why this book matters.

A dimension of family business that is key to understanding their influence is the heterogeneity of family business. Family businesses vary, ranging from the small corner shops – the “mom and pop stores” – that pepper most major cities – to the international conglomerates that have their roots and their present in family ties. Family businesses vary in philosophy and intent – some aim to become multigenerational businesses, while others aspire to support a family so that the next generation can do something different. Some aim to innovate and develop with each generation, while others aspire to a “heritage business” where tradition appears to be maintained although adaption has quietly happened to facilitate this seemingly traditional appearance. Some, indeed, present the “family business” as a key part of their public appearance, while others are quick to tell the outside world how “professional” their business is, implying that they have left the emotional dimension of the family far behind. Rarely, then, do we find a research field that includes so many businesses with differing hopes, dreams, and aspirations and yet united by a common thread. That common thread – the intersection of the family and the business dimension – determines much business behavior and, vitally, allows us to understand the drivers of business behavior worldwide. By developing the theory that surrounds family business research, we seek to develop our understanding of how and why businesses behave and how they may best be supported. The perspective that family business advisors should focus on the business dimension and remove consideration of the family from their thinking where positive is dated now and we see a more holistic approach to working with and advising families in business and indeed to supporting their businesses. That shift in perspective is in itself a victory and a useful platform for the next stage of research that considers the distinct field of research that focusses on family business advising and family business offices.

The text here includes a variety of perspectives, covering the familial and business challenges but offering the reader insight into the use of capital, be it financial, social, or entrepreneurial, in a family business context. The combined impact of the research presented here is considerable, but a large part of its strength lies in the variety of perspectives put forward. Neither families nor businesses are one-dimensional, and looking at the challenges where a family and a business or businesses intersect merits a variety of approaches. Different perspectives also offer the chance to inform different areas, be that research, policy, practice or business support. Family businesses matter and building up our evidence-based understanding of how they work, why and how they operate differently, and how they may best be supported offers an opportunity to build better systems and economies and to develop robust underpinnings for the education programs that support them. I commend this book to the readership and congratulate the editors and authors involved.

Professor Claire Seaman

Chair of Enterprise and Family Business

Queen Margaret University, UK

Acknowledgments

We would like to acknowledge Claudia Ivette Rodriguez Lucio's contributions to the cover of Family Business Debates.