AACCUP

, 212

Abu Jaber, Majed

, 57–61

Accommodationalism

, 251

Accrediting Agency of Chartered Colleges and Universities in the Philippines (AACCUP)

, 208

Achievement

, 9, 14, 36, 40–43, 79, 102, 108, 109, 123, 127–142, 149, 151–153, 156–158, 160, 162, 186, 188, 198, 246, 282, 287

Adaptability

, 204, 205, 210, 211

African American women leaders, in higher education

, 91–103

authenticity of

, 235–252

celebrating

, 99–102

historical perspectives of

, 92–94

personal lived experiences

, 97–99

professional lived experiences

, 95–96

Africana Womanism

, 19

African Women’s Development Fund

, 268

Aggression

, 9

Aggressive negotiation

, 77

Alexander, Sadie Tanner Mossell

, 92

Alienation

, 41

AlSumaiti, Rabaa

, 56, 57, 63, 67–70, 71

American Association of School Administrators (AASA)

, 17, 283

Angry Black woman

, 240–242

Apathy

, 46

Applied Critical Leadership (ACL)

, 129, 133–134

with improvement, linking

, 141–142

Arab education system in Israel, women principals’ role in

, 107–123

female principals’ activities, to promote social justice

, 119–121

injustice in childhood, determination and awareness of

, 115–116

school policy establishment

, 118–119

sensitivity, development of

, 116–117

Arab revolt

, 83

Arab Women Leadership Outlook

, 62

Artis, Roslyn Clark

, 102

ASEAN integration

, 204

plans for

, 212–213

women and men leaders, distinction between

, 213–214

ASEAN Integration UP Forum

, 213

Asian Critical Theory

, 20

Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)

, 204, 205–206

Aspiring Racialized Leaders Mentorship Program

, 197

Assertive approach

, 240–242

Assertive communication

, 77

Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)

, 204, 205

Augmentation

, 58

Australian Securities Exchange (ASX)

, 25

Authenticity, of African American female school leader

, 235–252

Authority, power as

, 38

Autonomy

, 9, 14, 78

Baker, Ella

, 177

Baker, Josephine

, 176

Banda, Joyce Hilda

, 272

Barriers to women’s leadership

, 12–15, 76–77

overcoming

, 77–78

Bath, Patricia

, 176

Behavioral reasoning theory

, 215

Being mission driven

, 248–249

Bennett-Stonebanks, Melanie

, 260–264

Best Evidence Synthesis (BES)

, 133, 140

Best practices, in educational leadership

, 132–133, 140

Bethune, Mary McLeod

, 99, 180

Black Female Leadership Verisimilitude (BFLV)

, 252

Black feminist thought

, 179

K-12 education system

, 179–182

Black Feminist Thought

, 19

Black Lives Matter Movement

, 188

Blackness

, 242–243

Black Panthers, The

, 130

Black women, in leadership

, 176–178

Bontemps, Arna

, 100

Boyd, Gwendolyn

, 102

Braverman’s Labor Process Theory

, 17

California Achievement Test

, 172

Campbell

, 173

Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA)

, 268

Care, ethic of

, 222, 225–226

Caring

, 243–246

Chisholm, Shirley

, 177

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Title VII

, 6

Civil Rights Act of 1972

Title IX

, 6–7

Civil Rights Act of 1991

, 7, 280

Cole

, 100

Collaboration

, 45–47, 243–246

Collaborative leadership

, 38

Collegial participation

, 215

Comfort Principle

, 60, 61

Commission on Higher Education (CHED)

, 208, 209, 212

Communication

, 38, 46, 162, 205–207, 214, 216

assertive

, 77

skills

, 209–210

Community development

, 274

Compassion

, 161, 211

Competence(ies)

, 39

organizational

, 210

transversal

, 205–206

Conflict resolution

, 211

Considerate

, 243–246

Conspiracy of silence

, 3, 13, 20n1

Consultative leadership

, 215

Conversations: Straight Talk with America’s Sister President

, 100

Council on Women and Girls

, 98

Counter deficit storytelling

, 135

Critical and innovative thinking

, 205–207

Critical Humanist Philosophy

, 78

Critical leadership

, 154–155

cultural conscientization and

, 157–162

duality of gender toward

, 145–164

path of, navigating

, 185–200

in school reform

, 156–157

Critical pedagogy

, 131

Critical Race Theory

, 19–20

Critique, ethic of

, 222, 227–229

Cultural conscientization

, 157–162

Cultural constructs

, 146–149

Cultural feminism

, 63, 76

Cultural justice

, 108

Culturally responsive leadership

, 187, 189–190

Culture, and school reform

, 156–157

Daly, Marie Maynard

, 176

Dandridge, Dorothy

, 176

Decision-making

ethical leadership and

, 219–232

reasoned

, 208–209

shared

, 38

Decolonization

, 259

Deference

, 9

Democracy

, 44, 45, 80, 83, 220

Democratic leadership

, 38

Democratic participation

, 211

Democratic schooling

, 36, 44–48

Department of Budget and Management (DBM)

, 208

Developmental leadership

, 80

Development Studies

, 259

Discrimination

, 5–7, 9–12, 14, 16–18, 36, 99, 108, 113, 115, 178, 237, 240, 250, 280, 298, 299

gender

, 6, 77, 97

patterns in employment practices

, 9–10

Disproportionate representation, in gifted programs

, 40–41

Distributive justice

, 108

Diversity

, 18, 36, 46, 49, 58–59, 66, 79, 95, 113, 118–120, 122, 123, 129, 136, 168, 177, 181, 182, 186, 188, 189, 193, 195–197, 205, 211, 231, 236, 298

Documentation of female perspective

, 9–12

Dominance

, 9

power as

, 38

Double Blind theory

, 60, 61

Draper, Sharon

, 174

Educational administration

women in

, 8

see also school administration

Educational background, of leaders

, 26–27

Educational inequity

, 39

Educational leadership

, 1–20

Eichmann, Adolf

, 84

Emotional intelligence

, 37, 47, 79, 210

Emotionalism

, 9

Empathy

, 79, 119, 205, 210, 214, 216, 226

Employment

, 9, 57, 62–63, 170, 205, 216

discrimination

, 6

Empowerment

, 18, 39, 62, 122, 154, 192, 194, 197, 227, 228, 258, 268, 271

staff

, 39

Entrepreneurship

, 207–208

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)

, 6

Equal Opportunities Commission (EOC)

, 25

Equal Pay Act (EPA)

, 6

Equity

, 44, 45, 186

achievement

, 43

gender

, 18

programmatic

, 43

systemic

, 39

teacher quality

, 43

Ethical decision-making

, 219–232

Ethical understanding

, 211

Ethnicity

, 8, 36, 39, 40, 49, 83, 96, 107–123, 133, 135, 147, 150, 153, 171, 177, 281, 288, 292, 300

see also Race

Evans-Apprey, Cheryl

, 171, 175, 176

Excellence

, 39

Face exclusion from informal networks

, 77

Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938

, 6

Feedback, teachers’ and administrators’ perceptions of

, 289–291

Female leadership candidates, leadership styles of

, 279–293

Feminism

and leadership

, 130–131

see also Women’s leadership

Feminist Critical Theory

, 20

Feminist theory

, 139–140

Filipino women, as educational leaders

, 203–216

21st-century skills

, 207–212

Financial Times Stock Exchange (FTSE)

, 25

“Fire,”

, 173

Flashes of Thought

, 70

Flexibility

, 210

Four-Part Model System

, 10, 11

Gender

, 7–8, 12, 39

bias

, 59

discrimination

, 6, 10, 77, 97

disparity, in leadership position

, 13, 18, 25–26, 30–31

disproportionate representation, in gifted programs

, 40–41

diversity

, 58–59

duality of, toward critical leadership

, 145–164

dynamics

, 57–58

and educational background, relationship between

, 28–30

equity

, 18

identity

, 14

imbalance, in leadership position

, 5, 6

intersectionality of

, 281

and leadership

, 47–48

of U.S. school principles

, 3

roles and responsibilities

, 147–148

segregation

, 6

Glass Ceiling Act

, 7

Glass Ceiling Commission

, 7, 280

Global citizenship

, 205–206, 211

Global Gender Gap Index (GGG)

, 62

Globalization

, 205

“Groove Line,”

, 173

Gurion, Ben

, 83–85

Hamer, Fanny Lou

, 177

Harassment, workplace

, 77

Hegemony

, 103, 164n2, 176, 268

Height, Dorothy

, 177

He Kākano

, 158

Higher education, African American women leaders in

, 91–103

celebrating

, 99–102

historical perspectives of

, 92–94

personal lived experiences

, 97–99

professional lived experiences

, 95–96

Higher Education Institutions (HEIs)

, 204, 207, 209, 212, 213, 215, 216

Histadrut

, 83

Howard-Baptiste, Shewanee D.

school experiences of

, 169–172

Hui Taumata (national leadership forum for Māori in education)

, 152

Human Development Report 2014

, 221

Hurston, Zora Neal

, 176

Identity

, 17, 36, 39, 40, 42, 76, 133, 136–137, 140, 149, 159, 170, 188, 192, 243, 251, 282

gender

, 14

national

, 206, 211

workplace

, 156–157, 191, 236

Inclusive leadership

, 38

Independence

, 39, 62

Independent learning

, 211

Indigenous educational leadership

, 131–132, 147, 157

Inequality(ies)

, 59

salary

, 77

systemic, school leaders’ contextual awareness of

, 41–42

Information and communication technologies (ICT)

, 206, 211–212

Inspiration

, 38

Integrity

, 205, 211

Intelligence, emotional

, 37, 47, 79, 210

Inter-Agency Network for Education in Emergencies

, 57–58

Intercultural understanding

, 211

Intergovernmental organizations (IGOs)

, 24

International Advocate Legal Services

, 62

International Labour Congress

, 83

International organizations (IOs)

leadership structures of

, 23–32

Intrapersonal skills

, 205, 206, 210–211

Investing in Diversity

, 195, 197

Israel

Arab and Jewish education system, women principals’ role in

, 107–123

Jewish State of Israel

, 83

Ivory Towers

, 169, 177, 178

Jackson, Shirley Ann

, 93, 101–102

Jameson, Mae

, 176

Jenkins, Sabetha

, 100

Jenny

, 269–272

Jewish education system in Israel, women principals’ role in

, 107–123

female principals’ activities, to promote social justice

, 119–121

injustice in childhood, determination and awareness of

, 115–116

school policy establishment

, 118–119

sensitivity, development of

, 116–117

Jewish State of Israel

, 83

Job satisfaction

, 282

Johnson, Brent E.

school experiences of

, 172–176

Johnson, Iris

, 175

Joyful Women Organization

, 268

Justice

cultural

, 108

distributive

, 108

ethic of

, 222, 227

relational

, 108

social. See Social justice

Juvenile justice system

, 47

K-12 education system

administrative positions, women in

, 5–6, 7, 12

Black feminist thought in

, 179–182

Ka Hikitia – Accelerating Success 2013–2017

, 153

Ka Hikitia – Managing for Success: Māori Education Strategy 2008–2012

, 153

Karanga

, 148

Kaupapa Māori

, 163–164n2

Kia Eke Panuku: Building on Success

, 157, 164n3

Knowledge and Human Development Authority (KHDA)

, 67–69

Kōhanga Reo

, 154

Labor Zionist Organization

, 98

Latino Critical Theory

, 20

Leaders

educational background of

, 26–27

systemic inequities, contextual awareness of

, 41–42

Leadership

Arab women in

, 57–61

Black women in

, 176–178

collaborative

, 38

consultative

, 215

critical

, 145–164, 185–200

culturally responsive

, 187, 189–190

democratic

, 38

developmental

, 80

ethical

, 219–232

gender and

, 47–48

gender disparity in

, 13, 18, 25–26, 30–31

inclusive

, 38

indigenous educational

, 131–132, 147, 157

influence of

, 156

journey

, 190–198

learning

, 80

minority women’s representation in

, 167–183

narratives

, 63

organic

, 80

orientation

, 45–47

participatory

, 38, 215

servant

, 80

social justice

, 187, 189–190

for social justice, ethos of

, 78–80

status, in UAE

, 62–63

structures, of international organizations

, 23–32

symbiotic

, 80

transformational

, 39, 79, 80, 131

transformative

, 131, 133–134, 156, 187–188

women. See Women’s leadership

Leading for Equity

, 195

Learning leadership

, 80

Legal context, for women leadership

, 6–7

Lindsey

, 173

Listening to the voices of others

, 42

Lyons, Mary

, 180

Malawi

, 257–258

Male leadership candidates, leadership styles of

, 279–293

Mana

, 146, 156

Mana tane (leadership of men)

, 148

Mana tangata

, 148

Mana wahine (leadership of women)

, 148

Mana whenua (guardianship of the land)

, 148

Mangum, Elmira

, 102

Māori Achievement Collaboratives, The (MACS)

, 127–142

Marginal(ity/ization)

, 108, 179, 188

Matariki (Māori new year)

, 160

McDaniel, Hattie

, 176

McDemmond, Marie

, 101

Media and information literacy

, 206, 211–212

Meir, Golda

, 80–86

as activist

, 83

as delegate at the Women’s Labour Convention

, 83

education

, 81–82

as Foreign Minister

, 84–85

as head of Jewish Agency’s Political Department

, 84

as Israel’s ambassador to Russia

, 84

Israel’s Declaration of Independence and

, 83

marriage

, 82

National Bond Program and

as Prime Minister

, 86

role in Six Day War

, 85

as Secretary General

, 85

United Labour Party and

, 85–86

Women’s Workers’ Council and

, 82–83

Men and women leaders, distinction between

, 213–214

Mentoring

, 281

Mentorship

, 247–248

Mentorship opportunities, lack of

, 77

Meyerson, Morris

, 98

Middle East–North Africa (MENA)

women leadership in

, 56, 57, 63–64

Mihi (greetings)

, 158

Minority women’s representation in leadership

, 167–183

Modernization

, 205

Mosley-Howard, Gerri Susan

, 175, 176

Motivation

, 38

Multicultural education

, 131

My Vision

, 70

National Administrative Guidelines (NAGs)

, 152

National Certificate of Educational Achievement

, 162

National Council for the Accreditation of Teacher Education (NCATE)

, 64, 66

National Education Goals (NEGs)

, 152

National identity

, 211

Negotiation, aggressive

, 77

New York City public school

, 238

New Zealand (NZ)

duality of gender toward critical leadership

, 145–164

historical context

, 150

influence of leadership

, 156

Māori Achievement Collaboratives, The (MACS)

, 127–142

policy response

, 153

resistance

, 151

revitalization

, 151

society, fabric of

, 149–150

Treaty of Waitangi

, 150, 152, 156, 163n1

vision, setting

, 152

Non-governmental organizations (NGOs)

, 24

Nuremburg Laws

, 83

Obama, Michelle

, 177, 237

Occupational discrimination

women in

, 7

Ontario Human Rights Commission (OHRC)

, 188

Open-mindedness

, 205

Oppression

, 59, 78, 188

Organic leadership

, 80

Organizational skills

, 210

P-12 education system

, 36

Panchayat Period

, 220

“paradigm shift” model

, 1–20, 169

Participatory action research (PAR)

, 257, 258, 262, 274

Participatory leadership

, 215

Passion

, 42–43

Passivity

, 9

Patterson, Mary Jane

, 99

Pedagogy

, 281

Peel Commission

, 83

Perseverance

, 210

Persistence

, 43–44

Personal lived experiences

, 97–99

Person-situation Interactionist Model

, 222, 223

Phenomenology

, 44

Philippine Association of State Universities and Colleges (PASUC)

, 208

Player, Willa Beatrice

, 99

Policy response

, 153

Postcolonialism

, 259

Poverty

, 40, 198, 213

Power

, 14, 15, 38–39, 154

as authority

, 38

as dominance

, 39

Pōwhiri (formal cultural rituals of encounter)

, 147, 148

Practice

, 36, 43, 131–132

Prejudice

, 282

Principals

, 3, 16–17, 47, 239–240, 280

secondary school

, 46, 48

social justice leadership of, in Jewish and Arab schools

, 107–123

types of activity

, 111

urban

, 48

Privilege

, 39, 48, 154

Problem-solving

, 38

Profession, ethic of

, 222

Professional lived experiences

, 95–96

Programmatic equity

, 43

Public school administration

women in

, 7

Qualitative secondary analysis (QSA)

, 45

Qualities of awareness

, 211

Queen Bee Syndrome

, 12

Race(ism)

, 6, 8, 35–49, 60, 81, 92, 94, 97, 98, 133, 134, 146, 150, 171, 179, 181, 187, 188, 194, 252, 281, 283, 288, 292, 297

see also Ethnicity

Racial demographics

, 188

Rashid, H. H. Sheikh Mohammed bin

, 70

Reasoned decision-making

, 208–209

Reflective thinking

, 209

Regional disparity, in leadership position

, 24, 26–32

Reid, Pamala Totman

, 102

Relational justice

, 108

Relationships

, 147, 148, 160–162

complementary

, 157

interpersonal

, 160

professional

, 159

Resiliency

, 205

Resistance

, 151, 197

Resistance to change

, 46

Resourcefulness

, 205, 208

Respect

, 161

for diversity

, 211

for the environment

, 211

Responsibility

, 39, 211

Revitalization

, 151

Risk-taking

, 211

R.O.A.D.M.A.P.

, 181

Safe School Policy and Regulation

, 193

Safe Schools Act

, 193

Salary inequalities

, 77

Scholarship

, 131

School administration

women in

, 2–3, 5–6

see also Educational administration; K-12 education system

Schooling

democratic

, 36, 44–48

identities and

, 39–41

School leaders

contextual awareness of systemic inequities

, 41–42

School reform, culture and critical leadership in

, 156–157

Secondary school principals

, 46, 48

Segregation

, 46

gender

, 6

academic

, 41

Self-abasement

, 9

Self-awareness

, 47, 210, 211

Self-determination (rangatiratanga)

, 151, 156

Self-development

, 62

Self-discipline

, 210

Self-efficacy

, 77

Self-esteem

, 77, 240

Self-knowledge

, 37

Self-motivation

, 211

Self-respect

, 211

Self-sufficiency

, 39

Sense of belonging

, 211

Sense of self

, 247

Servant leadership

, 80

Servility

, 251

Sexual harassment

, 6

Shared decision-making

, 38

Sharett, Moshe

, 84

Sheerin, Fintan

, 273–275

Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Young Leaders Program

, 70

Sheikh Nahayan

, 64, 86–87

Shifting

, 237, 250

Simmons, Ruth

, 93, 100–101

Sisterachry

, 59–61

Sister Meriam

, 174

Social class

, 40

Social justice (SJ)

, 36, 37, 39, 44–48, 299–300

awareness

, 42

defined

, 109

Social justice leadership

, 187, 189–190

ethos of

, 78–80

in Jewish and Arab schools

, 107–123

Social Risk Index Data

, 197

Socioeconomic status (SES)

, 39, 40, 47

Spelman

, 100

Spirituality

, 48

Sponsorship, lack of

, 77

Staff empowerment

, 39

Stereotype(ing)

, 96, 150, 179, 236, 237, 241, 242, 246, 250, 251, 258, 281–284, 292, 300

Stonebanks, Christopher Darius

, 264–269

Superintendents

, 3–4

Supportive loved ones

, 249–250

Symbiotic leadership

, 80

Systemic equity

, 39

Taliaferro-Baszile

, 171

Tapu (spirituality)

, 149

Teacher quality equity

, 43

Teamwork

, 210

Te Ara Hou. See Māori Achievement Collaboratives, The (MACS)

Te Reo Māori

, 158

Terrell, Professor

, 175

“Skin Tight,”

, 173

“The New Negro,”

, 251

Theory of participation

, 214–215

Thornton, Gerry Sue

, 93, 100

Tikanga (customary cultural practices)

, 147, 159

Timidity

, 9

Tokenism

, 15

Tolerance

, 49, 193, 194, 205, 214, 211

Toronto Board of Education (TDSB)

, 194

Trajectory of Ethical, Responsible, and Authentic leadership (TERA)

, 222–223, 230

Transformational leadership

, 39, 79, 80, 131

Transformational leadership theory

, 38

Transformative leadership

, 131, 133–134, 187–188

principles of

, 156

Transformative Praxis: Malawi (TPM)

, 257, 258, 275

Transparency

, 228

Transversal competencies

, 205–206

Treaty of Waitangi

, 150, 152, 156, 163n1

Tribal Critical Race Theory

, 20

Trust building

, 78

Truth, Sojourner

, 177, 180

Tubman, Harriet

, 177

21st-century skills

, 204, 205–206

Filipino women educational leaders

, 207–212

Unconscious Images

, 61

United Arab Emirates (UAE)

, 55–71

cultural feminism and leadership narratives

, 63

employment and leadership status in

, 62–63

women leadership in

, 57–61

United Nations Social Development Network

, 204

United States Agency for International Development (USAID)

, 268

Urban principals

, 48

U.S. Department of Labor

, 280

Values-orientation

, 45–47

Verisimilitude

, 252

Wahinetoa (warrior woman)

, 147

Wairua (spirituality)

, 148

Walker, Madam C.J.

, 177

Whaikōrero (formal speech making)

, 148

Whakairo (traditional carvings)

, 160

Whakapapa (genealogy)

, 131, 148

Whakatane

, 146

Whanaungatanga

, 159

Wheadon, Rosetta

, 99

Williams, Boyce C.

, 56, 57, 63, 64–66

Winfrey, Oprah

, 177

Women

leadership. See Women’s leadership

superintendents

, 3–4

in U.S. workforce, national perspective of

, 4–7

Women’s Labour Convention

, 83

Women’s leadership

, 76–78, 193–198

barriers to

, 12–15, 76–78

benefits of

, 65–66

continuous training and guidance

, 68–69

distinguished from men leadership

, 213–214

insights of

, 66

legal context for

, 6–7

in new millennium

, 15–18

in occupational discrimination

, 7

in public school administration

, 7

race and

, 47–48

recommendations for

, 86–87

in school administration

, 2–3, 5–6

values of

, 65, 69

Women’s Place Model

, 10

Women’s Workers’ Council

, 82–83

Workplace harassment

, 77

World Economic Forum (WEF)

Global Gender Gap Index (GGG)

, 62

Yearbook of International Organizations 2007–2008

, 27

Yearbook of International Organizations 2015–2016

, 24