Multinational Business Review: Volume 18 Issue 2

Reconciling Internalization Theory and the Eclectic Paradigm

Alan M. Rugman

The eclectic paradigm of Dunning (1980) (with its OLI and four motives for FDI framework) can be reconciled with the firm and country matrix of Rugman (1981). However, the fit is…

Rethinking the O in Dunning’s OLI/Eclectic Paradigm

Lorraine Eden, Li Dai

John Dunning introduced the OLI (Ownership‐Location‐Internalization) paradigm 37 years ago to explain the origin, level, pattern, and growth of MNEs’ offshore activities. Over the…

Keeping the Eclectic Paradigm Simple

Rajneesh Narula

The eclectic paradigm as developed by Dunning evolved in response to the changing IB milieu. I argue that this continual expansion threatens to make the paradigm tautological…

What are Ownership Advantages?

Sarianna M. Lundan

In this paper we examine three distinct types of ownership advantages, and argue that these are associated with three different kinds of limits to the growth of the firm. For…

The Entrepreneur, Ownership Advantages and the Eclectic Paradigm

Teresa da Silva Lopes

According to John Dunning’s eclectic paradigm, firms need to have ownership, location, and internalization advantages in order to cross borders and engage in foreign direct…

A Strategic Management Analysis of Ownership Advantages in the Eclectic Paradigm

Alain Verbeke, Wenlong Yuan

This paper proposes a new typology of Ownership (O) advantages as a function of their differential managerial implications in established multinational enterprises (MNEs). We…