Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal

Purpose – The purpose of the paper is to demonstrate that history has much to teach leaders in understanding resistance to affirmative action and how a greater commitment to diversity can be fostered.

Design/methodology/approach – This narrative review provides a timeline of a case for resolution-by-agreement in the wake of the landmark Knight v. Alabama case.

Findings – There have been dramatic increases in the enrollment of students of color and the presence of African-American faculty in the three major public universities that comprise the University of Alabama System, as well as others in the state.

Research limitations/implications – The present review does not contend that historic and fundamental inequities no longer exist in business and society. Moreover, the authors recognize that present inequities in the realms of diversity have important and historical roots. Likewise, there is no attempt to suggest that affirmative action is no longer a necessary or desired program in some areas. Neither do the authors deny the potential for inordinate management influence in the implementation and practice of some programs that focus on “diversity” instead of “affirmative action.”

Social implications – The numbers are not optimal. But future studies, along with this paper, should make a significant contribution to the affirmative action literature in the hope that organizations of all types may exceed their goals in the area of “diversity” as part of a larger quest for genuine advancements in the realm of diversity and fairness throughout society.

Originality/value – The paper provides an additional lens through which to examine diversity initiatives. Organizations can learn from the resolution-by-agreement process used to settle this desegregation dispute.