Action
, 30, 140–143
collective
, 91
communicative
, 43, 101–102, 104, 152
community
, 117
co-ordination of
, 102
purposeful-rational
, 30, 30n14, 32, 101, 103
relationship with structure
, 28, 148–149
Actor-network theory (ANT)
, 52, 125, 157
Actors
, 38–39, 134–140
on macro-level
, 153–155
question of
, 134–140
Agency–structure integration
, 15
AGIL (four function paradigm)
, 89–96, 105, 105n107, 139, 139n30, 140, 159
Allocative resources
, 148n41, 155
American pragmatism
, 48, 49, 52n36, 57
Analytical schemes
, 12n10
Antagonistic model
, 150, 151
Anthropological functionalism, postulates of
, 76
Anti-evolutionary approach
, 96
Anti-functionalist approach
, 96
Archaeology of knowledge
, 73
Aristotelian way of thinking
, 23
Authoritative resources
, 148n41, 155
Capability
, 141, 142, 159
Capital
cultural
, 108
economic
, 108
social
, 109
symbolic
, 109
Categorical-analytical problem
, 150
Classics of sociological thought, position of
, 116–118
Collective consciousness
, 67, 68
Collectivist theories
, 1, 25
Communication
closure, self-referential
, 81
media
, 122
social systems
, 80
Communicative action
, 43, 101–102, 104, 152
Complex social relations
, 39
Concentric (Burgess’) model of urban zones
, 24
Concepts
, 11
types of
, 11
Conflict theory
, 14, 27, 77
Consciousness
, 49n33
collective
, 67, 68
discursive
, 137, 138
personal
, 135n23
practical
, 137, 138, 141
social relations
, 135n23
Constitutional duality of human nature
, 135
Constructivism
, 100, 127–132
social
, 27, 43, 96–100
Conversational marketplaces
, 22
Conversation markets
, 60–65
Coordination of action
, 102
Cultural anthropology
, 58, 74
Culture
definition of
, 102, 156n50
idealistic integrative
, 85
ideational
, 85
material
, 156
sensate
, 85
Cyclical alternation/rotation
, 86
Cyclical theories of evolution and change
, 85
Facts and theory, relationship between
, 9
Focused interaction
, 55n39
Folgewelt (succeeding world)
, 45
Fremdverstehen method (understanding of the other)
, 21, 44–45
Frustration–aggression proposition
, 35
Functional differentiation
, 24, 120
Functionalism
, 14, 24, 67, 74–78, 111, 147
anthropological
, 76
definition of
, 111n112
neo-functionalism
, 14, 78, 84, 96
structural
, 14, 33n19, 75
Functionalist system theories
, 101
Habitus, and social field
, 105–110
Habitus-disposition system
, 106
Héraclitean philosophy
, 20
Holism
, 1, 3, 25–26, 28, 48, 86, 115, 116, 126
methodological
, 26
Holistic approach
, 65–86
attempts to unite with individualist approaches
, 86–113
functionalism
, 74–78
network analysis
, 82–84
science of social facts
, 65–68
structuralism and post-structuralism
, 68–74
systems theory
, 78–82
theory of social exchange
, 84–86
Homo duplex
, 1, 134, 135, 137–139, 142, 145
Homo oeconomicus
, 32, 37, 42, 125, 134
Homo sociologicus
, 123, 125, 134, 139
Human individual, as homo duplex
, 117–118
Idealistic integrative culture
, 85
Impression management
, 54
Individualism
, 1, 3, 10, 28, 86
methodological
, 26, 26n5, 26n6, 36–38, 41, 96
Individualist approach/perspective
, 115
attempts to unite with holistic approaches
, 86–113
conversation markets
, 60–65
interpretative (hermeneutic) sociology
, 43–60
science of social action
, 29–32
utilitarian theory
, 32–43
Individualist theories
, 25
Institutionalised behaviour
, 122
Interactional rituals
, 63n53
Interactional social system
, 78
Interactionism/interactions
, 14, 27, 48, 55–57, 60, 144–145
focused
, 55n39
markets
, 64n54
order
, 55
significance of
, 87
symbolic
, 14, 15, 21, 27n7, 43, 48–52, 78, 96
unfocused
, 55n39
Internalisation
primary
, 99n103
secondary
, 99n103
Interpersonal communication
, 59–60, 130
Interpersonal interaction
, 117, 156
Interpretative rules
, 148n40
Interpretative sociology
, 48, 128
Interpretative (hermeneutic) sociology
, 43–60
dramaturgical perspective
, 52–57
ethnomethodological perspective
, 57–60
phenomenological sociology
, 43–48
symbolic interactionism
, 48–52
Invisible hand of the market
, 102, 129, 129n13
‘Iron cage’ of rationality
, 30, 30n12
Manifest dysfunctions
, 77
Manifest positive functions
, 77
Marxism
, 20, 155, 155n46, 157n52
Mathematical approach
, 25
Metaphors
basic root
, 20
impact on pre-sociological and sociological thinking
, 19–25
Meta-theoretical schemes
, 12n10
Methodological anti-humanism
, 115n2
Methodological holism
, 26
Methodological indifference
, 60
Methodological individualism
, 26, 26n5, 26n6, 36–38, 41, 96
Micro- and macro-levels, relationship between
, 26–28, 132, 150–153
Micro- to macro-level transition
, 39–40
Middle-range theories
, 10–11, 83
Mitwelt (collateral world)
, 45
Modern feminist theory
, 15
Monetarisation of social relations
, 104
Monistic approach to question of action
, 134n20
Morphogenetic approach
, 113, 113n116, 133
Multiparadigmatic science
, 13
Musician’s relationship
, 47
Schemes
analytical
, 12n10
meta-theoretical
, 12n10
model
, 13n10
propositional
, 12–13n10
Science of social action
, 29–32
Science of social facts
, 65–68
Segmental differentiation
, 85
Self-presentation of an individual
, 53
Self-preservation
, 61, 92
Self-referential communication closure
, 81
Self-referential systems
, 80
Social action
, 30, 143
forms of
, 30n13
Social behaviourism
, 49, 50n33
Social capital
, 42n27, 109
Social constructivism
, 27, 43, 96–100, 153
Social differentiation
, 24, 130
Social facts
, 65–67, 118n6
Social field, habitus and
, 105–110
Social order, creation and maintenance of
, 98
Social realism/reality
, 110–113, 118
Social relations/relationship
characteristics of
, 31
complex
, 39
simple
, 39
Social revolutions
, 131n17
Social roles
, 2, 119, 122–123
Social solidarity
, 63n53, 76, 77, 82, 84, 102, 104
Social standardisation
, 59
Social systems
, 24, 78, 148
types of
, 78
Social world, basic dimensions of
, 45
Societal social system
, 78
Sociological constants
, 38
Sociological criticism/commentary
, 6
Sociological taxonomies
, 6
Sociological theory
, 119n9
criteria for
, 8
definition of
, 3–17
dimensions of
, 6–7
functions of
, 7
interpretations of
, 6
structure of
, 10–13
theoretical dilemmas of
, 15
types of
, 8
Sociology
definition of
, 118
biographical
, 48
classics of
, 6
interpretative (hermeneutic)
, 43–60
mesosociology
, 84
phenomenological
, 21, 43–48, 57, 101
positivist
, 67n58
proto-sociology
, 19
understanding-capable
, 29, 29n11, 44–45, 67n58, 101
Special theories versus general theories
, 8–9
Speech communication
, 43, 52, 152
Stimulus behavioural proposition
, 34
Stratification model of society
, 24, 27
Structural-constructivist approach
, 105
Structural functionalism
, 14, 33n19, 75–76, 125
Structural-functionalist model of consensus
, 77
Structural-functionalist theory of social systems
, 77, 110
Structuralism
, 14, 25, 27, 67, 68–74, 105
classical
, 119
Structuralist constructivism
, 120, 125
Structuration
analysis, levels of
, 159
chart of levels of
, 160
dimensions of
, 158–161
theory of
, 1, 110–113, 118–120, 122, 125, 132–134, 142, 144, 161, 163
Structure of sociological theory
, 10–13, 93, 146–149
concepts
, 11
formats
, 12–13
relationship with action
, 28, 148–149
statements
, 11–12
Success behavioural proposition
, 33–34
Supra-individual
, 65, 66n57, 74, 86, 112n115, 116
Symbolic communication
, 62
Symbolic interactionism
, 14, 15, 21, 27n7, 43, 48–52, 78, 96, 145
pre-conditions of
, 51
Symbolic universe
, 121, 127
Systems theory
, 15, 27, 78–82
Theatre-inspired dramaturgical sociology
, 22
Theoretical antihumanism
, 73, 73n70, 115n2
Theoretical–methodological problem
, 38–41
Theory
, 5–6
of action
, 32, 101, 103
of communicative action
, 27
of consciousness
, 44
of consensus
, 77
of creative action
, 125
definition of
, 7
of evolution
, 79
and facts, relationship with
, 9
of human behaviour
, 36
of knowledge
, 23
of organisations
, 27
of performativity
, 125
of religion
, 77
of social action
, 14
of social change
, 84–86
of social choice and exchange
, 14
of social exchange
, 27
of structuration
, 1, 14, 27, 110–113, 118–120, 122, 125, 132–134, 142, 144, 161, 163
Total institutions
, 56n40
Traditional action
, 30–31
Transcendental phenomenology
, 44
Transformational model of social activity
, 133n19
Transformation model
, 133
Two-level conception of society
, 100–105